Official property records

Tyrwhitt 139: recorded history

Explore the sales, rental records and building information available from our connected sources.

View charts & analysis · View source records

Tyrwhitt 139 apartment buildings seen from across the road, photographed in 2009 Development photograph

Each comparison keeps the recorded property type, area basis, sale category, unit count and tenure together. Changing the selection resets the size to a supported comparison size.

Start with the evidence.A comparison size is selected. Refine the area and price for the property you are considering.
Updates as you type. No submission needed.

Apartment · strata area · Resale · 1 unit per transaction · Freehold. All charts use this comparison segment; price per sq ft uses strata area.

Fair value & asking price

A 480 sq ft property in Tyrwhitt 139

Comparable sales
Comparable-sale benchmarkS$780,000

S$762,000 – S$829,998

Middle 50% of recorded prices
5 comparable sales over 5 years

Recent comparable sale is S$64,088 higher than the benchmark.

8.2%above the benchmark
Recent comparable saleS$844,088
Comparable medianS$780,000
S$0S$1,300,000
Below range Within range Above range

Recorded sale from 2025-10. Add an asking price above to compare a property you are considering. The amber band covers the middle 50% of similar-sized recorded prices. The benchmark is their median, not an adjusted or bank valuation.

Median price / sq ft
S$1,575
Comparable sales
5Past 5 years
Recorded PSF change
Limited historyNeeds five sales in each year
Recorded tenure
Freehold

Comparable recorded prices over time

Individual recorded sales per sq ft of strata area for the selected size band · This property

2021-09–2025-10
5 individual recorded sales in the selected size band. Dots are actual prices, not a price trend or valuation. 1,3531,5161,6791,8432,006 2021-11: S$1,503 / sq ft · S$728,000 · 484 sq ft2022-05: S$1,542 / sq ft · S$829,998 · 538 sq ft2023-02: S$1,575 / sq ft · S$780,000 · 495 sq ft2023-12: S$1,646 / sq ft · S$762,000 · 463 sq ft2025-10: S$1,824 / sq ft · S$844,088 · 463 sq ft 2021-112025-10

Each dot is a completed sale. There are too few sales per period for a supported median trend, so no trend line or growth rate is inferred. View the recorded prices and sizes.

Price versus other developments

District 08 · Freehold

5 sales · This development

Rangoon 88S$1,644

7 sales

Soho 188S$1,681

8 sales

7 sales

15 sales

Median recorded PSF over 5 years, using the same size band. Peers need five sales and are ordered by price proximity. Location, lease age, floor and condition are not adjusted.

Where the price sits

Against other district 08 transactions

LowerHigher32 / 100

Price percentile

4.2% below the district 08 median of S$1,644 / sq ft.

Based on 98 other sales. A lower relative price does not by itself establish that a property is undervalued.

Price versus the local market

The distribution of district 08 recorded sale prices for similar-sized properties

98 transactions
Recorded sale prices per square foot, with a marker for the market median and this development.S$1,303–1,378 / sq ft: 2 salesS$1,378–1,453 / sq ft: 5 salesS$1,453–1,528 / sq ft: 12 salesS$1,528–1,603 / sq ft: 17 salesS$1,603–1,678 / sq ft: 29 salesS$1,678–1,753 / sq ft: 14 salesS$1,753–1,828 / sq ft: 13 salesS$1,828–1,903 / sq ft: 3 salesS$1,903–1,979 / sq ft: 3 salesS$1,979–2,054 / sq ft: 0 salesS$1,303S$2,054 / sq ft
Tyrwhitt 139: S$1,575 / sq ftMarket median: S$1,644 / sq ft

Bar height shows the number of other transactions in each price band. Same district 08, property type, area basis, recorded tenure, sale category and unit count, 5 years of sales and ±15% size band. This development is excluded from the market sample.

View price bands
Price / sq ftRecorded sales
S$1,303–1,3782
S$1,378–1,4535
S$1,453–1,52812
S$1,528–1,60317
S$1,603–1,67829
S$1,678–1,75314
S$1,753–1,82813
S$1,828–1,9033
S$1,903–1,9793
S$1,979–2,0540

What traded in this development

Recorded strata areas in sales over the past 12 months

Under 750 sq ft: 1 sales (100.0%)750–1,199 sq ft: 0 sales (0.0%)1,200–1,799 sq ft: 0 sales (0.0%)1,800 sq ft and above: 0 sales (0.0%)1recorded sales
Under 750 sq ft
1100.0%
750–1,199 sq ft
00.0%
1,200–1,799 sq ft
00.0%
1,800 sq ft and above
00.0%

Completed sales activity across all sizes, not the mix of properties currently for sale. Building condition and room counts are not inferred from area.

The sales behind the comparison

408–552 sq ft · Past 5 years

MonthSizeFloor bandRecorded pricePrice / sq ft
2025-10463 sq ft1–5S$844,088S$1,824
2023-12463 sq ft1–5S$762,000S$1,646
2023-02495 sq ft1–5S$780,000S$1,575
2022-05538 sq ft1–5S$829,998S$1,542
2021-11484 sq ft1–5S$728,000S$1,503

Up to eight recent matching sales shown; the recent comparison contains 5 matching sales in this window (This property). The history chart also includes older matching sales. View all published sales across all sizes and categories. Source dates have month precision.

How to read this analysis

The comparable range contains the middle 50% of observed prices; it is not a forecast or a confidence interval. Floor, condition, facing and remaining lease can materially change a home’s value. A price below a benchmark is a reason to investigate, not proof of a bargain.

Source: URA. Transaction records are subject to corrections and rolling five-year coverage. Last checked 6 Sep 2026, 16:03 SGT. Source documentation · Licence / terms · Full methodology

Charts & price evidence

Understand what these records can tell you.

Each dot is an actual sale. Separate charts keep property types, area bases, sale categories, unit counts and tenures apart. Different sizes and property conditions can still explain price differences; these are not like-for-like growth charts.

Apartment · recorded price per sq ft

Resale · strata area · 1 unit per sale · Freehold · 9 sales

Apartment recorded sales: S$ per sq ft of strata area. Individual transactions, not a valuation or price trend. 1,0211,2671,5131,7602,006 2021-09: S$1,145 / sq ft · S$1,060,000 · 926 sq ft2021-11: S$1,503 / sq ft · S$728,000 · 484 sq ft2022-02: S$1,134 / sq ft · S$830,000 · 732 sq ft2022-05: S$1,742 / sq ft · S$600,000 · 344 sq ft2022-05: S$1,542 / sq ft · S$829,998 · 538 sq ft2023-02: S$1,575 / sq ft · S$780,000 · 495 sq ft2023-12: S$1,646 / sq ft · S$762,000 · 463 sq ft2025-08: S$1,511 / sq ft · S$1,220,000 · 807 sq ft2025-10: S$1,824 / sq ft · S$844,088 · 463 sq ft 2021-092025-10

Price per sq ft uses strata area. Read every sale’s price, size and original source record below.

Coverage limit: The connected URA API supplies the past five years of private-property transactions. We retain records captured from that feed, but have not imported a pre-2021 private-property archive. Earlier transactions may exist; their absence here does not mean no sales occurred. The dates below describe records held for this selection, not the property's entire lifetime. View source coverage.

All property records

Tyrwhitt 139 · Every recorded date, size and property type

9 sales

All published history, including archived records. No date, size, flat-type, sale-category, tenure or unit-count exclusions. Source corrections use the latest published record; all 9 retained source versions are also available.

Recorded activity by year · all 9 records
2021
2
2022
3
2023
2
2025
2

Showing 1–9 of 9 records. Every page is available below; the download contains the complete dataset for this property.

MonthProperty Sale categoryTypeAreaArea basisUnitsFloor bandTenureRecorded pricePrice / sq ft Full source record
2025-10Tyrwhitt 139 ResaleApartment463 sq ftstrata11–5FreeholdS$844,088S$1,824
All fields & provenance

URA private residential transactions · Source terms

Captured 6 Sep 2026, 12:10 SGT

{
  "id": 511498,
  "snapshot_id": "49e29c50-c7e1-40ed-9bc6-7b064eaced5d",
  "row_number": 31724,
  "place_id": "1092c244-a2ec-4db2-9246-a72344222696",
  "month": "2025-10",
  "market": "private_resale",
  "sale_type": "resale",
  "property_type": "Apartment",
  "flat_type": "",
  "flat_model": "",
  "price": "844088.00",
  "area_sqm": "43.0000",
  "area_type": "strata",
  "units": 1,
  "floor_low": 1,
  "floor_high": 5,
  "tenure": "Freehold",
  "remaining_lease_months": null,
  "raw_identity": {
    "area": "43",
    "price": "844088",
    "street": "TYRWHITT ROAD",
    "tenure": "Freehold",
    "project": "TYRWHITT 139",
    "district": "08",
    "source_x": "30962.8338",
    "source_y": "32653.07859",
    "noOfUnits": "1",
    "floorRange": "01-05",
    "typeOfArea": "Strata",
    "typeOfSale": "3",
    "contractDate": "1025",
    "propertyType": "Apartment",
    "marketSegment": "RCR"
  },
  "flags": [],
  "date_basis": "contract month",
  "source": "ura_resale",
  "source_url": "https://eservice.ura.gov.sg/maps/api/",
  "licence_url": "https://www.ura.gov.sg/eservices-info/maps/acceptance-grant-licence/",
  "captured_at": "2026-09-06 04:10:41.317123+00:00",
  "last_confirmed_at": "2026-09-06 08:03:00.773317+00:00",
  "snapshot_checksum": "30bdf440a1ca0475dc0a83cda3a852f531830b0112e425efdc1527a38c1da114"
}
2025-08Tyrwhitt 139 ResaleApartment807 sq ftstrata16–10FreeholdS$1,220,000S$1,511
All fields & provenance

URA private residential transactions · Source terms

Captured 6 Sep 2026, 12:10 SGT

{
  "id": 511497,
  "snapshot_id": "49e29c50-c7e1-40ed-9bc6-7b064eaced5d",
  "row_number": 31723,
  "place_id": "1092c244-a2ec-4db2-9246-a72344222696",
  "month": "2025-08",
  "market": "private_resale",
  "sale_type": "resale",
  "property_type": "Apartment",
  "flat_type": "",
  "flat_model": "",
  "price": "1220000.00",
  "area_sqm": "75.0000",
  "area_type": "strata",
  "units": 1,
  "floor_low": 6,
  "floor_high": 10,
  "tenure": "Freehold",
  "remaining_lease_months": null,
  "raw_identity": {
    "area": "75",
    "price": "1220000",
    "street": "TYRWHITT ROAD",
    "tenure": "Freehold",
    "project": "TYRWHITT 139",
    "district": "08",
    "source_x": "30962.8338",
    "source_y": "32653.07859",
    "noOfUnits": "1",
    "floorRange": "06-10",
    "typeOfArea": "Strata",
    "typeOfSale": "3",
    "contractDate": "0825",
    "propertyType": "Apartment",
    "marketSegment": "RCR"
  },
  "flags": [],
  "date_basis": "contract month",
  "source": "ura_resale",
  "source_url": "https://eservice.ura.gov.sg/maps/api/",
  "licence_url": "https://www.ura.gov.sg/eservices-info/maps/acceptance-grant-licence/",
  "captured_at": "2026-09-06 04:10:41.317123+00:00",
  "last_confirmed_at": "2026-09-06 08:03:00.773317+00:00",
  "snapshot_checksum": "30bdf440a1ca0475dc0a83cda3a852f531830b0112e425efdc1527a38c1da114"
}
2023-12Tyrwhitt 139 ResaleApartment463 sq ftstrata11–5FreeholdS$762,000S$1,646
All fields & provenance

URA private residential transactions · Source terms

Captured 6 Sep 2026, 12:10 SGT

{
  "id": 511496,
  "snapshot_id": "49e29c50-c7e1-40ed-9bc6-7b064eaced5d",
  "row_number": 31722,
  "place_id": "1092c244-a2ec-4db2-9246-a72344222696",
  "month": "2023-12",
  "market": "private_resale",
  "sale_type": "resale",
  "property_type": "Apartment",
  "flat_type": "",
  "flat_model": "",
  "price": "762000.00",
  "area_sqm": "43.0000",
  "area_type": "strata",
  "units": 1,
  "floor_low": 1,
  "floor_high": 5,
  "tenure": "Freehold",
  "remaining_lease_months": null,
  "raw_identity": {
    "area": "43",
    "price": "762000",
    "street": "TYRWHITT ROAD",
    "tenure": "Freehold",
    "project": "TYRWHITT 139",
    "district": "08",
    "source_x": "30962.8338",
    "source_y": "32653.07859",
    "noOfUnits": "1",
    "floorRange": "01-05",
    "typeOfArea": "Strata",
    "typeOfSale": "3",
    "contractDate": "1223",
    "propertyType": "Apartment",
    "marketSegment": "RCR"
  },
  "flags": [],
  "date_basis": "contract month",
  "source": "ura_resale",
  "source_url": "https://eservice.ura.gov.sg/maps/api/",
  "licence_url": "https://www.ura.gov.sg/eservices-info/maps/acceptance-grant-licence/",
  "captured_at": "2026-09-06 04:10:41.317123+00:00",
  "last_confirmed_at": "2026-09-06 08:03:00.773317+00:00",
  "snapshot_checksum": "30bdf440a1ca0475dc0a83cda3a852f531830b0112e425efdc1527a38c1da114"
}
2023-02Tyrwhitt 139 ResaleApartment495 sq ftstrata11–5FreeholdS$780,000S$1,575
All fields & provenance

URA private residential transactions · Source terms

Captured 6 Sep 2026, 12:10 SGT

{
  "id": 511495,
  "snapshot_id": "49e29c50-c7e1-40ed-9bc6-7b064eaced5d",
  "row_number": 31721,
  "place_id": "1092c244-a2ec-4db2-9246-a72344222696",
  "month": "2023-02",
  "market": "private_resale",
  "sale_type": "resale",
  "property_type": "Apartment",
  "flat_type": "",
  "flat_model": "",
  "price": "780000.00",
  "area_sqm": "46.0000",
  "area_type": "strata",
  "units": 1,
  "floor_low": 1,
  "floor_high": 5,
  "tenure": "Freehold",
  "remaining_lease_months": null,
  "raw_identity": {
    "area": "46",
    "price": "780000",
    "street": "TYRWHITT ROAD",
    "tenure": "Freehold",
    "project": "TYRWHITT 139",
    "district": "08",
    "source_x": "30962.8338",
    "source_y": "32653.07859",
    "noOfUnits": "1",
    "floorRange": "01-05",
    "typeOfArea": "Strata",
    "typeOfSale": "3",
    "contractDate": "0223",
    "propertyType": "Apartment",
    "marketSegment": "RCR"
  },
  "flags": [],
  "date_basis": "contract month",
  "source": "ura_resale",
  "source_url": "https://eservice.ura.gov.sg/maps/api/",
  "licence_url": "https://www.ura.gov.sg/eservices-info/maps/acceptance-grant-licence/",
  "captured_at": "2026-09-06 04:10:41.317123+00:00",
  "last_confirmed_at": "2026-09-06 08:03:00.773317+00:00",
  "snapshot_checksum": "30bdf440a1ca0475dc0a83cda3a852f531830b0112e425efdc1527a38c1da114"
}
2022-05Tyrwhitt 139 ResaleApartment538 sq ftstrata11–5FreeholdS$829,998S$1,542
All fields & provenance

URA private residential transactions · Source terms

Captured 6 Sep 2026, 12:10 SGT

{
  "id": 511493,
  "snapshot_id": "49e29c50-c7e1-40ed-9bc6-7b064eaced5d",
  "row_number": 31719,
  "place_id": "1092c244-a2ec-4db2-9246-a72344222696",
  "month": "2022-05",
  "market": "private_resale",
  "sale_type": "resale",
  "property_type": "Apartment",
  "flat_type": "",
  "flat_model": "",
  "price": "829998.00",
  "area_sqm": "50.0000",
  "area_type": "strata",
  "units": 1,
  "floor_low": 1,
  "floor_high": 5,
  "tenure": "Freehold",
  "remaining_lease_months": null,
  "raw_identity": {
    "area": "50",
    "price": "829998",
    "street": "TYRWHITT ROAD",
    "tenure": "Freehold",
    "project": "TYRWHITT 139",
    "district": "08",
    "source_x": "30962.8338",
    "source_y": "32653.07859",
    "noOfUnits": "1",
    "floorRange": "01-05",
    "typeOfArea": "Strata",
    "typeOfSale": "3",
    "contractDate": "0522",
    "propertyType": "Apartment",
    "marketSegment": "RCR"
  },
  "flags": [],
  "date_basis": "contract month",
  "source": "ura_resale",
  "source_url": "https://eservice.ura.gov.sg/maps/api/",
  "licence_url": "https://www.ura.gov.sg/eservices-info/maps/acceptance-grant-licence/",
  "captured_at": "2026-09-06 04:10:41.317123+00:00",
  "last_confirmed_at": "2026-09-06 08:03:00.773317+00:00",
  "snapshot_checksum": "30bdf440a1ca0475dc0a83cda3a852f531830b0112e425efdc1527a38c1da114"
}
2022-05Tyrwhitt 139 ResaleApartment344 sq ftstrata11–5FreeholdS$600,000S$1,742
All fields & provenance

URA private residential transactions · Source terms

Captured 6 Sep 2026, 12:10 SGT

{
  "id": 511492,
  "snapshot_id": "49e29c50-c7e1-40ed-9bc6-7b064eaced5d",
  "row_number": 31718,
  "place_id": "1092c244-a2ec-4db2-9246-a72344222696",
  "month": "2022-05",
  "market": "private_resale",
  "sale_type": "resale",
  "property_type": "Apartment",
  "flat_type": "",
  "flat_model": "",
  "price": "600000.00",
  "area_sqm": "32.0000",
  "area_type": "strata",
  "units": 1,
  "floor_low": 1,
  "floor_high": 5,
  "tenure": "Freehold",
  "remaining_lease_months": null,
  "raw_identity": {
    "area": "32",
    "price": "600000",
    "street": "TYRWHITT ROAD",
    "tenure": "Freehold",
    "project": "TYRWHITT 139",
    "district": "08",
    "source_x": "30962.8338",
    "source_y": "32653.07859",
    "noOfUnits": "1",
    "floorRange": "01-05",
    "typeOfArea": "Strata",
    "typeOfSale": "3",
    "contractDate": "0522",
    "propertyType": "Apartment",
    "marketSegment": "RCR"
  },
  "flags": [],
  "date_basis": "contract month",
  "source": "ura_resale",
  "source_url": "https://eservice.ura.gov.sg/maps/api/",
  "licence_url": "https://www.ura.gov.sg/eservices-info/maps/acceptance-grant-licence/",
  "captured_at": "2026-09-06 04:10:41.317123+00:00",
  "last_confirmed_at": "2026-09-06 08:03:00.773317+00:00",
  "snapshot_checksum": "30bdf440a1ca0475dc0a83cda3a852f531830b0112e425efdc1527a38c1da114"
}
2022-02Tyrwhitt 139 ResaleApartment732 sq ftstrata16–10FreeholdS$830,000S$1,134
All fields & provenance

URA private residential transactions · Source terms

Captured 6 Sep 2026, 12:10 SGT

{
  "id": 511494,
  "snapshot_id": "49e29c50-c7e1-40ed-9bc6-7b064eaced5d",
  "row_number": 31720,
  "place_id": "1092c244-a2ec-4db2-9246-a72344222696",
  "month": "2022-02",
  "market": "private_resale",
  "sale_type": "resale",
  "property_type": "Apartment",
  "flat_type": "",
  "flat_model": "",
  "price": "830000.00",
  "area_sqm": "68.0000",
  "area_type": "strata",
  "units": 1,
  "floor_low": 6,
  "floor_high": 10,
  "tenure": "Freehold",
  "remaining_lease_months": null,
  "raw_identity": {
    "area": "68",
    "price": "830000",
    "street": "TYRWHITT ROAD",
    "tenure": "Freehold",
    "project": "TYRWHITT 139",
    "district": "08",
    "source_x": "30962.8338",
    "source_y": "32653.07859",
    "noOfUnits": "1",
    "floorRange": "06-10",
    "typeOfArea": "Strata",
    "typeOfSale": "3",
    "contractDate": "0222",
    "propertyType": "Apartment",
    "marketSegment": "RCR"
  },
  "flags": [],
  "date_basis": "contract month",
  "source": "ura_resale",
  "source_url": "https://eservice.ura.gov.sg/maps/api/",
  "licence_url": "https://www.ura.gov.sg/eservices-info/maps/acceptance-grant-licence/",
  "captured_at": "2026-09-06 04:10:41.317123+00:00",
  "last_confirmed_at": "2026-09-06 08:03:00.773317+00:00",
  "snapshot_checksum": "30bdf440a1ca0475dc0a83cda3a852f531830b0112e425efdc1527a38c1da114"
}
2021-11Tyrwhitt 139 ResaleApartment484 sq ftstrata11–5FreeholdS$728,000S$1,503
All fields & provenance

URA private residential transactions · Source terms

Captured 6 Sep 2026, 12:10 SGT

{
  "id": 511491,
  "snapshot_id": "49e29c50-c7e1-40ed-9bc6-7b064eaced5d",
  "row_number": 31717,
  "place_id": "1092c244-a2ec-4db2-9246-a72344222696",
  "month": "2021-11",
  "market": "private_resale",
  "sale_type": "resale",
  "property_type": "Apartment",
  "flat_type": "",
  "flat_model": "",
  "price": "728000.00",
  "area_sqm": "45.0000",
  "area_type": "strata",
  "units": 1,
  "floor_low": 1,
  "floor_high": 5,
  "tenure": "Freehold",
  "remaining_lease_months": null,
  "raw_identity": {
    "area": "45",
    "price": "728000",
    "street": "TYRWHITT ROAD",
    "tenure": "Freehold",
    "project": "TYRWHITT 139",
    "district": "08",
    "source_x": "30962.8338",
    "source_y": "32653.07859",
    "noOfUnits": "1",
    "floorRange": "01-05",
    "typeOfArea": "Strata",
    "typeOfSale": "3",
    "contractDate": "1121",
    "propertyType": "Apartment",
    "marketSegment": "RCR"
  },
  "flags": [],
  "date_basis": "contract month",
  "source": "ura_resale",
  "source_url": "https://eservice.ura.gov.sg/maps/api/",
  "licence_url": "https://www.ura.gov.sg/eservices-info/maps/acceptance-grant-licence/",
  "captured_at": "2026-09-06 04:10:41.317123+00:00",
  "last_confirmed_at": "2026-09-06 08:03:00.773317+00:00",
  "snapshot_checksum": "30bdf440a1ca0475dc0a83cda3a852f531830b0112e425efdc1527a38c1da114"
}
2021-09Tyrwhitt 139 ResaleApartment926 sq ftstrata16–10FreeholdS$1,060,000S$1,145
All fields & provenance

URA private residential transactions · Source terms

Captured 6 Sep 2026, 12:10 SGT

{
  "id": 511490,
  "snapshot_id": "49e29c50-c7e1-40ed-9bc6-7b064eaced5d",
  "row_number": 31716,
  "place_id": "1092c244-a2ec-4db2-9246-a72344222696",
  "month": "2021-09",
  "market": "private_resale",
  "sale_type": "resale",
  "property_type": "Apartment",
  "flat_type": "",
  "flat_model": "",
  "price": "1060000.00",
  "area_sqm": "86.0000",
  "area_type": "strata",
  "units": 1,
  "floor_low": 6,
  "floor_high": 10,
  "tenure": "Freehold",
  "remaining_lease_months": null,
  "raw_identity": {
    "area": "86",
    "price": "1060000",
    "street": "TYRWHITT ROAD",
    "tenure": "Freehold",
    "project": "TYRWHITT 139",
    "district": "08",
    "source_x": "30962.8338",
    "source_y": "32653.07859",
    "noOfUnits": "1",
    "floorRange": "06-10",
    "typeOfArea": "Strata",
    "typeOfSale": "3",
    "contractDate": "0921",
    "propertyType": "Apartment",
    "marketSegment": "RCR"
  },
  "flags": [],
  "date_basis": "contract month",
  "source": "ura_resale",
  "source_url": "https://eservice.ura.gov.sg/maps/api/",
  "licence_url": "https://www.ura.gov.sg/eservices-info/maps/acceptance-grant-licence/",
  "captured_at": "2026-09-06 04:10:41.317123+00:00",
  "last_confirmed_at": "2026-09-06 08:03:00.773317+00:00",
  "snapshot_checksum": "30bdf440a1ca0475dc0a83cda3a852f531830b0112e425efdc1527a38c1da114"
}

Official historical records are supplied by HDB/data.gov.sg and URA. Dates retain source precision. Price per square foot uses each record’s stated area basis; land area, strata area and multi-unit sales are labelled and may not be directly comparable. Original fields, quality flags and source provenance remain available on every row.