Official property records
110C Punggol Field: recorded history
Explore the sales, rental records and building information available from our connected sources.
Property Upside score
What helps, what holds it back, and the evidence behind each score.
37% evidence coverage · 3 of 7 applicable dimensions scored
The outer ring is 100. Gaps mean a dimension is unscored.
Strongest supported dimension: URA growth catalysts (60). Lowest supported dimension: Connectivity (40).
Value20% weight · Unscored—Only 2 compatible sales are available in this comparison. At least 5 are needed to score value, so a small sample does not become a good or bad price verdict.View evidence and calculation
How it is assessed. 50 + 250 × (comparable central price − assessed price) / comparable central price, bounded 0–100. At least 5 compatible sales and a latest comparable within 12 months. Historical reference and private asking-price scenarios are labelled separately.
Resale demand15% weight · Unscored—We cannot yet judge how regularly homes in this segment resell. This needs at least 5 matching resales and a source covering 12 completed months; missing records are not evidence of weak demand.View evidence and calculation
How it is assessed. 100 × months with resale activity / 12 completed calendar months, minimum 5 single-unit resales in the selected property segment and full source coverage. Monthly activity consistency is a proxy, not turnover or time-to-sell; no dwelling-count denominator is available.
Rental appeal10% weight42/100Rentals were recorded in 5 of 12 completed months, based on 6 matching flat-type records. More months with recorded activity earn a higher score, so regular activity helps and gaps bring it down. These are owner-declared records; gaps do not prove vacancy and the score does not measure rental returns.View evidence and calculation
How it is assessed. 100 × months with recorded rentals / 12 completed calendar months, minimum 5 contracts and full source coverage. Uses the same flat type. Activity continuity, not occupancy, investment return or project-size-normalised demand.
- Recorded HDB rentals: 6 records; 2025-09 to 2026-08 (2026-08) Source
Connectivity15% weight40/100The nearest recorded operational MRT is Punggol MRT, approximately 1,337 m away. Being more than 1,200 m but within 2,000 m earns 40 points; the longer distance brings the score down. This is straight-line distance; the actual walking route may be longer.View evidence and calculation
How it is assessed. Nearest operational MRT straight-line distance: 100 at ≤400 m, 80 at ≤800 m, 60 at ≤1,200 m, 40 at ≤2,000 m, 20 at ≤3,000 m. Beyond covered evidence is unscored; distances are not walking times.
- Nearest sourced MRT: Punggol MRT (2026-09-06) Source
Everyday living10% weight · Unscored—We do not have current, verified nearby location evidence for food, shopping. All four everyday amenity categories are needed for a fair score. This does not mean those amenities are absent.View evidence and calculation
How it is assessed. Average proximity across schools, food/markets, parks and shopping: 100 at ≤500 m, 75 at ≤1,000 m, 50 at ≤2,000 m, 25 at ≤3,000 m. All four categories require sourced coverage; school proximity does not establish admission eligibility.
Tenure resilience15% weight · Unscored—The selected sale records do not establish a consistent, usable tenure or remaining lease. We need an explicit freehold title or enough lease information to calculate the years left.View evidence and calculation
How it is assessed. Lease score = 100 × remaining years / 99, bounded 0–100; an explicitly recorded freehold title scores 100. Deduct elapsed time from recorded remaining lease, or use term and commencement year. Median across selected recent records; year-only starts are approximate.
URA growth catalysts10% weight60/100Cross Island Line Punggol Extension is the strongest matched catalyst. Construction is under way, starting at 80 points under our delivery-stage rules. The property is approximately 1,337 m from the Punggol MRT reference. Being farther from that reference subtracts 20 points, giving 60/100. This measures proximity and delivery stage, not future price growth. Timing and project details are in the evidence below.View evidence and calculation
How it is assessed. Highest matched catalyst score, without stacking overlapping announcements. Under-construction interchanges: 90 for a 2028 target, 85 for 2030, 80 for 2032; long-term district plans: 60 for Jurong Lake District, 55 for Greater Southern Waterfront. Subtract 10 beyond 500 m or 20 beyond 1 km. These are editorial proximity/stage points, not predicted returns. Reviewed catalogue covers selected announcements, not every Singapore plan. Reviews expire after 90 days; zoning alone earns no catalyst points.
- Master Plan zoning at the mapped reference point: Residential; gross plot ratio 3.4. (2026-09-06) Source
- Redevelopment evidence boundary: MP2025 zoning is indicative. A legal site boundary and existing gross floor area are required before calculating redevelopment headroom. Check subsequent amendments in URA SPACE. (2025-12-01) Source
- Cross Island Line Punggol Extension: Under construction; 2032 (LTA target). Approx. 1,337 m straight-line to Punggol MRT reference. A direct rail link between the eastern and north-eastern corridors is under construction. Future service is not available today. Construction and programme changes remain possible; distance is to the existing interchange reference. (2026-09-06) Source
En bloc potential5% weight · Not applicable—This metric follows collective-sale activity for private strata developments, so it does not apply to this property type.View evidence and calculation
How it is assessed. Editorial activity rubric: interest 25, committee 40, consent 55, mandate 70, tender 80, negotiation 65; a failed, ended or withdrawn attempt within 3 years scores 20. Latest dated reviewed event supersedes earlier events; repeat attempts add no points. Active stages expire at the earlier of a stated deadline, 90 days after the event, or 90 days after review. Inactive scores also require review within 90 days. Sold projects and older or expired activity are unscored. Exact private residential project identity only. This is an activity indicator, not a probability of sale, valuation or investment return. Redevelopment feasibility is not established: strata ownership, lawful GFA, entitlement, consent, costs and commercial viability require separate verification.
An editorial research indicator, not a price forecast or government rating. Overall requires at least 70% of applicable weight, including value and resale evidence. Compare only within the same property class and coverage profile. As of 2026-09-07 · Method upside-1.1.
5 ROOM · strata area · Resale · 1 unit per transaction · Tenure not classified. All charts use this comparison segment; price per sq ft uses strata area.
Fair value & asking price
A 1,190 sq ft property in 110C Punggol Field
2025-01 · 1195 sq ft · S$590 / sq ft
An individual completed sale, not an estimate of your home’s value.
A recent price range needs more evidence
2 matching sales in the past 5 years; at least five are needed for a comparable range. The comparison history contains 33 sales (2006-09–2025-01), including 33 in this size band. The full property records include every size and sale category. View all property records.
Comparable recorded prices over time
Individual recorded sales per sq ft of strata area for the selected size band · This property
Each dot is a completed sale. There are too few sales per period for a supported median trend, so no trend line or growth rate is inferred. View the recorded prices and sizes.
Price versus other developments
PUNGGOL · HDB · Tenure not classified
Median recorded PSF over 5 years, using the same size band. Peers need five sales and are ordered by number of recorded sales. Location, lease age, floor and condition are not adjusted.
Local market context
Against other punggol · hdb transactions
2954 matching sales in other developments
Same size band and tenure not classified, over 5 years. 110C Punggol Field needs five recent matching sales before we can place its median within this market.
Price versus the local market
The distribution of punggol · hdb recorded sale prices for similar-sized properties
Bar height shows the number of other transactions in each price band. Same punggol · hdb, property type, area basis, recorded tenure, sale category and unit count, 5 years of sales and ±15% size band. This development is excluded from the market sample.
View price bands
| Price / sq ft | Recorded sales |
|---|---|
| S$344–402 | 31 |
| S$402–460 | 309 |
| S$460–519 | 531 |
| S$519–577 | 714 |
| S$577–635 | 574 |
| S$635–693 | 421 |
| S$693–751 | 278 |
| S$751–809 | 83 |
| S$809–867 | 8 |
| S$867–925 | 5 |
What traded in this development
Recorded strata areas in sales over the past 12 months
No matching sales were recorded in the past 12 months.
The sales behind the comparison
1,012–1,369 sq ft · Past 5 years
| Month | Size | Floor band | Recorded price | Price / sq ft |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025-01 | 1195 sq ft | 16–18 | S$705,000 | S$590 |
| 2023-02 | 1184 sq ft | 13–15 | S$580,000 | S$490 |
Up to eight recent matching sales shown; the recent comparison contains 2 matching sales in this window (This property). The history chart also includes older matching sales. View all published sales across all sizes and categories. Source dates have month precision.
How to read this analysis
The comparable range contains the middle 50% of observed prices; it is not a forecast or a confidence interval. Floor, condition, facing and remaining lease can materially change a home’s value. A price below a benchmark is a reason to investigate, not proof of a bargain.
Contains information from HDB resale transactions, accessed from data.gov.sg under the Singapore Open Data Licence. Last checked 6 Sep 2026, 09:45 SGT. Source documentation · Licence / terms · Full methodology
Charts & price evidence
Understand what these records can tell you.
Each dot is an actual sale. Separate charts keep property types, area bases, sale categories, unit counts and tenures apart. Different sizes and property conditions can still explain price differences; these are not like-for-like growth charts.
4 ROOM · recorded price per sq ft
Resale · strata area · 1 unit per sale · 99-year leasehold · 25 sales
Price per sq ft uses strata area. Read every sale’s price, size and original source record below.
5 ROOM · recorded price per sq ft
Resale · strata area · 1 unit per sale · 99-year leasehold · 33 sales
Price per sq ft uses strata area. Read every sale’s price, size and original source record below.
All property records
110C Punggol Field · Every recorded date, size and property type
All published history, including archived records. No date, size, flat-type, sale-category, tenure or unit-count exclusions. Source corrections use the latest published record; all 76 retained source versions are also available.
Recorded activity by year · all 58 records
Showing 51–58 of 58 records. Every page is available below; the download contains the complete dataset for this property.
| Month | Property | Sale category | Type | Area | Area basis | Units | Floor band | Tenure | Recorded price | Price / sq ft | Full source record |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2007-07 | 110C Punggol Field | Resale | 4 ROOM | 915 sq ft | strata | 1 | 4–6 | 99-year leasehold | S$236,000 | S$258 | All fields & provenanceHDB resale archive: 2000-01 to 2012-02 · Source terms Captured 6 Sep 2026, 13:06 SGT {
"id": 1139615,
"snapshot_id": "4e42ee49-081a-4153-abe5-98873a4f9b79",
"row_number": 239003,
"place_id": "4ed474b3-14d8-4366-9fb6-660a73d0ac94",
"month": "2007-07",
"market": "hdb_resale",
"sale_type": "resale",
"property_type": "HDB",
"flat_type": "4 ROOM",
"flat_model": "Model A",
"price": "236000.00",
"area_sqm": "85.0000",
"area_type": "strata",
"units": 1,
"floor_low": 4,
"floor_high": 6,
"tenure": "99-year leasehold",
"remaining_lease_months": null,
"raw_identity": {
"town": "PUNGGOL",
"block": "110C",
"month": "2007-07",
"flat_type": "4 ROOM",
"flat_model": "Model A",
"street_name": "PUNGGOL FIELD",
"resale_price": "236000",
"storey_range": "04 TO 06",
"floor_area_sqm": "85",
"lease_commence_date": "2003"
},
"flags": [
"approval_month",
"lease_unknown"
],
"date_basis": "approval month",
"source": "hdb_resale_2000_2012",
"source_url": "https://data.gov.sg/datasets/d_43f493c6c50d54243cc1eab0df142d6a/view",
"licence_url": "https://data.gov.sg/open-data-licence",
"captured_at": "2026-09-06 05:06:33.631985+00:00",
"last_confirmed_at": "2026-09-06 05:06:33.631486+00:00",
"snapshot_checksum": "5f6a72bd7b9120281863beb1fc4c89aa5f4923f00b0f6c52494c4347363f2c36"
} |
| 2007-06 | 110C Punggol Field | Resale | 4 ROOM | 915 sq ft | strata | 1 | 4–6 | 99-year leasehold | S$245,000 | S$268 | All fields & provenanceHDB resale archive: 2000-01 to 2012-02 · Source terms Captured 6 Sep 2026, 13:06 SGT {
"id": 1137319,
"snapshot_id": "4e42ee49-081a-4153-abe5-98873a4f9b79",
"row_number": 236707,
"place_id": "4ed474b3-14d8-4366-9fb6-660a73d0ac94",
"month": "2007-06",
"market": "hdb_resale",
"sale_type": "resale",
"property_type": "HDB",
"flat_type": "4 ROOM",
"flat_model": "Model A",
"price": "245000.00",
"area_sqm": "85.0000",
"area_type": "strata",
"units": 1,
"floor_low": 4,
"floor_high": 6,
"tenure": "99-year leasehold",
"remaining_lease_months": null,
"raw_identity": {
"town": "PUNGGOL",
"block": "110C",
"month": "2007-06",
"flat_type": "4 ROOM",
"flat_model": "Model A",
"street_name": "PUNGGOL FIELD",
"resale_price": "245000",
"storey_range": "04 TO 06",
"floor_area_sqm": "85",
"lease_commence_date": "2003"
},
"flags": [
"approval_month",
"lease_unknown"
],
"date_basis": "approval month",
"source": "hdb_resale_2000_2012",
"source_url": "https://data.gov.sg/datasets/d_43f493c6c50d54243cc1eab0df142d6a/view",
"licence_url": "https://data.gov.sg/open-data-licence",
"captured_at": "2026-09-06 05:06:33.631985+00:00",
"last_confirmed_at": "2026-09-06 05:06:33.631486+00:00",
"snapshot_checksum": "5f6a72bd7b9120281863beb1fc4c89aa5f4923f00b0f6c52494c4347363f2c36"
} |
| 2007-03 | 110C Punggol Field | Resale | 5 ROOM | 1,184 sq ft | strata | 1 | 4–6 | 99-year leasehold | S$290,000 | S$245 | All fields & provenanceHDB resale archive: 2000-01 to 2012-02 · Source terms Captured 6 Sep 2026, 13:06 SGT {
"id": 1130928,
"snapshot_id": "4e42ee49-081a-4153-abe5-98873a4f9b79",
"row_number": 230316,
"place_id": "4ed474b3-14d8-4366-9fb6-660a73d0ac94",
"month": "2007-03",
"market": "hdb_resale",
"sale_type": "resale",
"property_type": "HDB",
"flat_type": "5 ROOM",
"flat_model": "Improved",
"price": "290000.00",
"area_sqm": "110.0000",
"area_type": "strata",
"units": 1,
"floor_low": 4,
"floor_high": 6,
"tenure": "99-year leasehold",
"remaining_lease_months": null,
"raw_identity": {
"town": "PUNGGOL",
"block": "110C",
"month": "2007-03",
"flat_type": "5 ROOM",
"flat_model": "Improved",
"street_name": "PUNGGOL FIELD",
"resale_price": "290000",
"storey_range": "04 TO 06",
"floor_area_sqm": "110",
"lease_commence_date": "2003"
},
"flags": [
"approval_month",
"lease_unknown"
],
"date_basis": "approval month",
"source": "hdb_resale_2000_2012",
"source_url": "https://data.gov.sg/datasets/d_43f493c6c50d54243cc1eab0df142d6a/view",
"licence_url": "https://data.gov.sg/open-data-licence",
"captured_at": "2026-09-06 05:06:33.631985+00:00",
"last_confirmed_at": "2026-09-06 05:06:33.631486+00:00",
"snapshot_checksum": "5f6a72bd7b9120281863beb1fc4c89aa5f4923f00b0f6c52494c4347363f2c36"
} |
| 2007-02 | 110C Punggol Field | Resale | 4 ROOM | 969 sq ft | strata | 1 | 4–6 | 99-year leasehold | S$243,500 | S$251 | All fields & provenanceHDB resale archive: 2000-01 to 2012-02 · Source terms Captured 6 Sep 2026, 13:06 SGT {
"id": 1128669,
"snapshot_id": "4e42ee49-081a-4153-abe5-98873a4f9b79",
"row_number": 228057,
"place_id": "4ed474b3-14d8-4366-9fb6-660a73d0ac94",
"month": "2007-02",
"market": "hdb_resale",
"sale_type": "resale",
"property_type": "HDB",
"flat_type": "4 ROOM",
"flat_model": "Model A",
"price": "243500.00",
"area_sqm": "90.0000",
"area_type": "strata",
"units": 1,
"floor_low": 4,
"floor_high": 6,
"tenure": "99-year leasehold",
"remaining_lease_months": null,
"raw_identity": {
"town": "PUNGGOL",
"block": "110C",
"month": "2007-02",
"flat_type": "4 ROOM",
"flat_model": "Model A",
"street_name": "PUNGGOL FIELD",
"resale_price": "243500",
"storey_range": "04 TO 06",
"floor_area_sqm": "90",
"lease_commence_date": "2003"
},
"flags": [
"approval_month",
"lease_unknown"
],
"date_basis": "approval month",
"source": "hdb_resale_2000_2012",
"source_url": "https://data.gov.sg/datasets/d_43f493c6c50d54243cc1eab0df142d6a/view",
"licence_url": "https://data.gov.sg/open-data-licence",
"captured_at": "2026-09-06 05:06:33.631985+00:00",
"last_confirmed_at": "2026-09-06 05:06:33.631486+00:00",
"snapshot_checksum": "5f6a72bd7b9120281863beb1fc4c89aa5f4923f00b0f6c52494c4347363f2c36"
} |
| 2007-02 | 110C Punggol Field | Resale | 4 ROOM | 915 sq ft | strata | 1 | 7–9 | 99-year leasehold | S$243,000 | S$266 | All fields & provenanceHDB resale archive: 2000-01 to 2012-02 · Source terms Captured 6 Sep 2026, 13:06 SGT {
"id": 1128668,
"snapshot_id": "4e42ee49-081a-4153-abe5-98873a4f9b79",
"row_number": 228056,
"place_id": "4ed474b3-14d8-4366-9fb6-660a73d0ac94",
"month": "2007-02",
"market": "hdb_resale",
"sale_type": "resale",
"property_type": "HDB",
"flat_type": "4 ROOM",
"flat_model": "Model A",
"price": "243000.00",
"area_sqm": "85.0000",
"area_type": "strata",
"units": 1,
"floor_low": 7,
"floor_high": 9,
"tenure": "99-year leasehold",
"remaining_lease_months": null,
"raw_identity": {
"town": "PUNGGOL",
"block": "110C",
"month": "2007-02",
"flat_type": "4 ROOM",
"flat_model": "Model A",
"street_name": "PUNGGOL FIELD",
"resale_price": "243000",
"storey_range": "07 TO 09",
"floor_area_sqm": "85",
"lease_commence_date": "2003"
},
"flags": [
"approval_month",
"lease_unknown"
],
"date_basis": "approval month",
"source": "hdb_resale_2000_2012",
"source_url": "https://data.gov.sg/datasets/d_43f493c6c50d54243cc1eab0df142d6a/view",
"licence_url": "https://data.gov.sg/open-data-licence",
"captured_at": "2026-09-06 05:06:33.631985+00:00",
"last_confirmed_at": "2026-09-06 05:06:33.631486+00:00",
"snapshot_checksum": "5f6a72bd7b9120281863beb1fc4c89aa5f4923f00b0f6c52494c4347363f2c36"
} |
| 2006-11 | 110C Punggol Field | Resale | 4 ROOM | 969 sq ft | strata | 1 | 7–9 | 99-year leasehold | S$253,000 | S$261 | All fields & provenanceHDB resale archive: 2000-01 to 2012-02 · Source terms Captured 6 Sep 2026, 13:06 SGT {
"id": 1122350,
"snapshot_id": "4e42ee49-081a-4153-abe5-98873a4f9b79",
"row_number": 221738,
"place_id": "4ed474b3-14d8-4366-9fb6-660a73d0ac94",
"month": "2006-11",
"market": "hdb_resale",
"sale_type": "resale",
"property_type": "HDB",
"flat_type": "4 ROOM",
"flat_model": "Model A",
"price": "253000.00",
"area_sqm": "90.0000",
"area_type": "strata",
"units": 1,
"floor_low": 7,
"floor_high": 9,
"tenure": "99-year leasehold",
"remaining_lease_months": null,
"raw_identity": {
"town": "PUNGGOL",
"block": "110C",
"month": "2006-11",
"flat_type": "4 ROOM",
"flat_model": "Model A",
"street_name": "PUNGGOL FIELD",
"resale_price": "253000",
"storey_range": "07 TO 09",
"floor_area_sqm": "90",
"lease_commence_date": "2003"
},
"flags": [
"approval_month",
"lease_unknown"
],
"date_basis": "approval month",
"source": "hdb_resale_2000_2012",
"source_url": "https://data.gov.sg/datasets/d_43f493c6c50d54243cc1eab0df142d6a/view",
"licence_url": "https://data.gov.sg/open-data-licence",
"captured_at": "2026-09-06 05:06:33.631985+00:00",
"last_confirmed_at": "2026-09-06 05:06:33.631486+00:00",
"snapshot_checksum": "5f6a72bd7b9120281863beb1fc4c89aa5f4923f00b0f6c52494c4347363f2c36"
} |
| 2006-10 | 110C Punggol Field | Resale | 4 ROOM | 969 sq ft | strata | 1 | 16–18 | 99-year leasehold | S$256,000 | S$264 | All fields & provenanceHDB resale archive: 2000-01 to 2012-02 · Source terms Captured 6 Sep 2026, 13:06 SGT {
"id": 1120100,
"snapshot_id": "4e42ee49-081a-4153-abe5-98873a4f9b79",
"row_number": 219488,
"place_id": "4ed474b3-14d8-4366-9fb6-660a73d0ac94",
"month": "2006-10",
"market": "hdb_resale",
"sale_type": "resale",
"property_type": "HDB",
"flat_type": "4 ROOM",
"flat_model": "Model A",
"price": "256000.00",
"area_sqm": "90.0000",
"area_type": "strata",
"units": 1,
"floor_low": 16,
"floor_high": 18,
"tenure": "99-year leasehold",
"remaining_lease_months": null,
"raw_identity": {
"town": "PUNGGOL",
"block": "110C",
"month": "2006-10",
"flat_type": "4 ROOM",
"flat_model": "Model A",
"street_name": "PUNGGOL FIELD",
"resale_price": "256000",
"storey_range": "16 TO 18",
"floor_area_sqm": "90",
"lease_commence_date": "2003"
},
"flags": [
"approval_month",
"lease_unknown"
],
"date_basis": "approval month",
"source": "hdb_resale_2000_2012",
"source_url": "https://data.gov.sg/datasets/d_43f493c6c50d54243cc1eab0df142d6a/view",
"licence_url": "https://data.gov.sg/open-data-licence",
"captured_at": "2026-09-06 05:06:33.631985+00:00",
"last_confirmed_at": "2026-09-06 05:06:33.631486+00:00",
"snapshot_checksum": "5f6a72bd7b9120281863beb1fc4c89aa5f4923f00b0f6c52494c4347363f2c36"
} |
| 2006-09 | 110C Punggol Field | Resale | 5 ROOM | 1,184 sq ft | strata | 1 | 7–9 | 99-year leasehold | S$292,000 | S$247 | All fields & provenanceHDB resale archive: 2000-01 to 2012-02 · Source terms Captured 6 Sep 2026, 13:06 SGT {
"id": 1117893,
"snapshot_id": "4e42ee49-081a-4153-abe5-98873a4f9b79",
"row_number": 217281,
"place_id": "4ed474b3-14d8-4366-9fb6-660a73d0ac94",
"month": "2006-09",
"market": "hdb_resale",
"sale_type": "resale",
"property_type": "HDB",
"flat_type": "5 ROOM",
"flat_model": "Improved",
"price": "292000.00",
"area_sqm": "110.0000",
"area_type": "strata",
"units": 1,
"floor_low": 7,
"floor_high": 9,
"tenure": "99-year leasehold",
"remaining_lease_months": null,
"raw_identity": {
"town": "PUNGGOL",
"block": "110C",
"month": "2006-09",
"flat_type": "5 ROOM",
"flat_model": "Improved",
"street_name": "PUNGGOL FIELD",
"resale_price": "292000",
"storey_range": "07 TO 09",
"floor_area_sqm": "110",
"lease_commence_date": "2003"
},
"flags": [
"approval_month",
"lease_unknown"
],
"date_basis": "approval month",
"source": "hdb_resale_2000_2012",
"source_url": "https://data.gov.sg/datasets/d_43f493c6c50d54243cc1eab0df142d6a/view",
"licence_url": "https://data.gov.sg/open-data-licence",
"captured_at": "2026-09-06 05:06:33.631985+00:00",
"last_confirmed_at": "2026-09-06 05:06:33.631486+00:00",
"snapshot_checksum": "5f6a72bd7b9120281863beb1fc4c89aa5f4923f00b0f6c52494c4347363f2c36"
} |
Official historical records are supplied by HDB/data.gov.sg and URA. Dates retain source precision. Price per square foot uses each record’s stated area basis; land area, strata area and multi-unit sales are labelled and may not be directly comparable. Original fields, quality flags and source provenance remain available on every row.